Wildling Can Be The Best Choice As
Planting Material in Growing Coffee
Ben G. Bareja, May 16, 2018
A wildling is a seedling that grows naturally in the wild. Plentiful can be found on forest floors. However, the term is now used broadly to include those which grow from seeds that fall under the canopies of adult trees, shrubs and palms which are intentionally cultivated.
These naturally growing seedlings can be the best
choice as planting materials if available, easily accessible, and affordable. Where
there is immediate need for potted seedlings grown in the nursery but supply is
scant or uncertain, access to sources becomes valuable.
Personal experience by the author also revealed
that with Robusta coffee (Coffea robusta L.)
having stems approximately as thick as a common pencil or over, flowering may be
advanced, that is, within a year. In contrast, it may take three years for
young nursery-grown seedlings to mature.
In addition, these planting materials may be
the only reasonable resort where the cost of nursery-grown seedlings is beyond
the means of a farmer. Why indeed should a poor farmer be excepted from growing
coffee in his farm when there are seedlings growing in abundance in nearby
farms which can be harvested at will at little or no cost?
Wildlings can be potted into polyethylene bags
immediately upon arrival. With due care, it will only take a few days for the
seedlings to form new roots and sprouts. These can also be directly planted on
the field especially if the source is nearby. To ensure high survival, it is preferable
to transplant during the rainy season particularly on a day with low light and
the soil is wet.
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Massive use of these planting materials as bareroot for
direct planting is best in farms which are frequented by rain and where ambient
temperature is not so high. This is so because these planting materials are
prone to water stress and heat injury.
Whether potted and temporarily raised in a nursery or directly planted on the field, the seedlings can be transformed later into a superior variety by grafting.
Where Wildlings Come From
These plants arise from mature fruits (i.e. coffee berries) or seeds (as in
pine trees) that fell on the ground or from depulped fruits (i.e. coffee beans) excreted by animals.
Growth, in fact, is exceptionally thick in some
places that the vegetation becomes a groundcover. I saw this in some farms at
Basag, Monkayo, T’boli, South Cotabato, Philippines where coffee trees were old
and tall.
I also discovered a similar view around a dead stump of a big molave or tugas tree (Vitex parviflora) at Tinoto, Maasim, Sarangani. The view was so spectacular that it remained in my mind. Each plant was old and dwarf and potentially a good specimen for small bonsai (click here to read an article about molave bonsai).
Plant Collection
Back in November 2000, we collected Robusta coffee
wildlings in a farm at Basag. The plants were uprooted by hand, sometimes necessitating
the use of a digging bar (bara) to
loosen the soil. The roots were pruned and the leaves were trimmed.
A day after, the uprooted plants were transported to the
Mindanao State University-Fatima Campus, General Santos City (MSU-GSC) and
immediately potted individually into plastic bags. Survival rate was almost
100%. Outplanted in the following June-August, many of the plants started
flowering after only 5-6 months. The wildlings must be old. Although they
were seasonally slashed during weeding, they have resumed growth.
Further, there are plenty of Arabica coffee trees (Coffea canephora L.) growing
in Mount Matutum. The seedlings that grow naturally under the canopies can be used as planting materials in highly
elevated farms where the variety suits well. I happened to be there at Kinilis last
year at the foot of the volcano close to Polo, Polomolok, South Cotabato and
Dole Philippines. The seedlings were easy to uproot as the soil was moist and
soft and I left with a sackful of the planting materials.
We also collected wildlings of Robusta coffee at Datal Tampal, Malungon, Sarangani Province in August 2017. The planting materials were used in establishing a coconut project intercropped with coffee and chili or hot pepper (click here to read second page).